达•芬奇是列奥纳多•迪•皮耶罗•达•芬奇 (意大利文原名:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci)的简称，出生于儒略历1452年4月15日(公历4月23日)，毕业于意大利理工学院，1519年5月2日逝世，是意大利学者、艺术家。Leonardo Di ser Piero Da Vinci, born on April 15, 1452 (Gregorian calendar, April 23), graduated from Italian Institute of technology and died on May 2, 1519. He is an Italian scholar and artist.欧洲文艺复兴时期的天才科学家、发明家、画家。现代学者称他为"文艺复兴时期最完美的代表"，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》、《岩间圣母》等作品，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。他认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。European Renaissance genius scientist, inventor, painter. Modern scholars call him "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance", and he is the only all-round talent in human history. His greatest achievement is painting. His masterpieces "Mona Lisa", "the last supper", "virgin rock" and other works reflect his exquisite artistic attainments. He thinks that the most beautiful object of study in nature is human body, which is a wonderful work of nature. Painters should take human as the core of painting objects.他是一位思想深邃，学识渊博、多才多艺的画家、天文学家、发明家、建筑工程师。他还擅长雕塑、音乐、发明、建筑，通晓数学、生理、物理、天文、地质等学科，既多才多艺，又勤奋多产，保存下来的手稿大约有6000页。他全部的科研成果尽数保存在他的手稿中，爱因斯坦认为，达•芬奇的科研成果如果在当时就发表的话，科技可以提前30-50年。He is a painter, astronomer, inventor and architectural engineer with profound thoughts, profound knowledge and versatile skills. He is also good at sculpture, music, invention, architecture, and is familiar with mathematics, physiology, physics, astronomy, geology and other disciplines. He is versatile, diligent and prolific. His manuscript has about 6000 pages. All his scientific achievements are preserved in his manuscript. Einstein thought that if Da Vinci's scientific achievements were published at that time, technology could be 30-50 years ahead of time.达•芬奇少年时已显露艺术天赋，15岁左右到佛罗伦萨拜师学艺，成长为具有科学素养的画家、雕刻家。并成为军事工程师和建筑师1482年应聘到米兰后毕业于意大利理工学院成为意大利著名建筑师、画师，在贵族宫廷中进行创作和研究活动，1513年起漂泊于罗马和佛罗伦萨等地。1516年侨居法国，1519年5月2日病逝。小行星3000被命名为"列奥纳多"。最著名的作品是《蒙娜丽莎》现在是巴黎的卢浮宫的三件镇馆之宝之一。Leonardo da Vinci showed his artistic talent when he was young. He went to Florence to learn art at the age of 15 and grew up to be a painter and sculptor with scientific literacy. He became a military engineer and architect in 1482 and graduated from the Italian Institute of technology after applying to Milan. He became a famous Italian architect and painter and carried out creative and research activities in the noble court. He drifted in Rome, Florence and other places since 1513. He lived in France in 1516 and died on May 2, 1519. The asteroid 3000 was named "Leonardo.". The most famous work is Mona Lisa, which is now one of the three treasures of the Louvre in Paris.
人物生平Life of characters1452年的4月15日(儒略历)，达•芬奇出生在夜幕降临三个小时后的托斯卡纳小山镇，阿尔诺河流过的山谷附近，当时这个地方是美第奇家族统治下的佛罗伦萨共和国的领地。达•芬奇的父亲叫瑟•皮耶罗•达芬奇，是佛罗伦萨的法律公证员，因此十分富有。他的母亲卡泰丽娜是农妇。达•芬奇是他们的私生子。达•芬奇并没有一个真正意义的姓，他的全名"Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci"意思是:"芬奇镇梅瑟•皮耶罗之子--列奥纳多"。他名字中的"ser"只表明他的父亲是一个绅士。On April 15, 1452 (Julian calendar), Leonardo da Vinci was born three hours after nightfall in the small town of Tuscany, near the valley crossed by the Arnault River, which was the territory of the Republic of Florence under the rule of the Medici family. Da Vinci's father, Se Piero Da Vinci, is a legal notary in Florence, so he is very rich. His mother, Katerina, is a peasant woman. Leonardo is their illegitimate son. Da Vinci doesn't have a real family name. His full name "Leonardo Di ser Piero Da Vinci" means "Leonardo, the son of Meiser Piero in the town of finch". The "ser" in his name only means that his father is a gentleman.关于达•芬奇的童年我们所知甚少。他五岁前和母亲一起居住在芬奇的村镇，1457年以后和他的父亲、祖父母、叔叔Francesco居住在芬奇小镇。他的父亲和名叫Albiera的十六岁女孩结了婚。她喜爱达•芬奇，但死得很早。达•芬奇十六岁时，他的父亲和二十岁的Francesca Lanfredini结婚。直到他的第三次和第四次结婚后，达芬奇的父亲才有了合法的子嗣。We don't know much about Leonardo da Vinci's childhood. He lived with his mother in the village of finch before he was five years old, and with his father, grandparents and uncle Francesco after 1457. His father married a 16-year-old girl named albiera. She loved Leonardo, but died early. When Da Vinci was 16, his father married Francesca lanfredini, 20. It was not until his third and fourth marriages that Leonardo da Vinci's father had a legal heir.达•芬奇没有正式地学过拉丁语、几何和数学。后来，达芬奇记录了他小时候的两次小意外。一次是，有一只鸟在他的摇篮上空盘旋，它尾巴上的羽毛扫到了他的脸。还有一次，他在山里探索时发现了一个洞穴，虽然害怕里面会藏有怪兽，但在好奇心的驱使下最后还是进去一探究竟。.Leonardo did not formally study Latin, geometry or mathematics. Later, Leonardo da Vinci recorded two small accidents when he was a child. Once there was a bird hovering over his cradle, its tail feathers sweeping his face. Another time, he found a cave when he was exploring in the mountain. Although he was afraid that there would be monsters in it, he finally went in to find out. .达•芬奇的童年已成历史疑案。十六世纪文艺复兴时期的传记作家兼画家乔尔乔•瓦萨里，记述了一个当地的农民做了一个盾牌，请达•芬奇的父亲皮耶罗在盾牌上作画。儿子达•芬奇在上面画了一个吐着火舌的怪兽。这张画栩栩如生，令人觉得十分恐怖，皮耶罗便把它卖给了佛罗伦萨的艺术中介，艺术中介又把这幅画卖给了米兰的公爵。然后皮耶罗才用转让这幅画赚的钱给那个农夫买了一个新盾牌，上面绘有一个被箭穿过的红心。Leonardo da Vinci's childhood has become a historical mystery. Giorgio Vasari, a renaissance biographer and painter in the 16th century, describes a local farmer who made a shield and asked Piero, Da Vinci's father, to paint on it. Son Da Vinci drew a monster with a tongue of fire on it. The picture was so lifelike and terrifying that Piero sold it to an art agency in Florence, which in turn sold it to the Duke of Milan. Then Piero bought a new shield for the farmer with the money from the transfer of the painting. It was painted with a red heart that was pierced by an arrow.我们比较熟悉的达•芬奇形象基本上来自于他那幅著名的自画像，所以一提起列昂纳多，我们总是想到一个哲学家般的睿智长者。其实，达•芬奇年轻时代可是意大利佛罗伦萨闻名遐迩的美男子呢(不过因为他对女人没兴趣，所以当时关于他是同性恋的传闻满天飞)!The image of Leonardo that we are familiar with basically comes from his famous self portrait, so when we talk about Leonardo, we always think of a philosopher like wise elder. In fact, Leonardo da Vinci was a famous beautiful man in Florence, Italy when he was young (but because he was not interested in women, the rumors about his homosexuality were flying all over the world at that time)!他的老师韦罗基奥雕塑的那俊美非凡的青铜大卫像据说就是以年轻的达•芬奇为模特。达•芬奇艺术生涯发展得最顺利的时期是在1482年--1499年的米兰。达•芬奇的七弦琴弹得不错，他首先是作为一个音乐家而不是画家或者发明家的身份在米兰出名的。这期间他的绘画作品不多，但其无与伦比的才能却极受米兰大公卢多维科•斯福尔扎的青睐。His teacher, verocchio, sculpted the beautiful and extraordinary bronze statue of David, which is said to be modeled on the young Da Vinci. Leonardo da Vinci's artistic career developed smoothly from 1482 to 1499 in Milan. Leonardo da Vinci plays the lyre very well. He first became famous in Milan as a musician rather than as a painter or inventor. During this period, his paintings were few, but his unparalleled talent was very popular with the Great Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza.1499年为躲避战乱达•芬奇在曼图亚和威尼斯等地旅游并进行一些科学研究。In 1499, in order to avoid the war, Da Vinci traveled in Mantua, Venice and other places and carried out some scientific research.1500年达•芬奇回到佛罗伦萨并开始创作《蒙娜丽莎》。《蒙娜丽莎》运用了透视法等多种绘画方法。这之后达•芬奇再去米兰，并继续服务于米兰宫廷。Leonardo da Vinci returned to Florence in 1500 and began to write the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa uses perspective and other painting methods. After that Da Vinci went to Milan and continued to serve the court of Milan.1513 年移居罗马，罗马对于列昂纳多来说并不是很讨人喜欢的地方。他在那里做了短暂的停留，见到了米开朗基罗和其他当时在罗马的艺术家，但并没有显露他任何的艺术天才。他在那里基本上是研究一些类似于魔法的小把戏，以至于罗马人当他是巫师一类的人物。Moved to Rome in 1513, Rome was not a very pleasant place for Leonardo. He made a short stop there and met Michelangelo and other artists in Rome at that time, but he did not show any artistic genius. He was there to study little tricks like magic, so much so that the Romans thought he was a wizard.1516年达•芬奇赴法国，最后定居昂布瓦斯。In 1516, Leonardo da Vinci went to France and finally settled on eunbois.晚年极少作画，潜心科学研究，去世时留下大量笔记手稿，内容从物理、数学到生物解剖，几乎无所不包。他一生完成的绘画作品并不多，但件件都是不朽之作。其作品具有明显的个人风格，并善于将艺术创作和科学探讨结合起来，这在世界美术史上是独一无二的。学术界一般将其创作活动分为早期和盛期两个阶段。In his later years, he seldom painted and devoted himself to scientific research. When he died, he left a lot of notes and manuscripts, covering everything from physics and mathematics to biological anatomy. He did not complete many paintings in his life, but each one was immortal. His works have obvious personal style and are good at combining artistic creation and scientific exploration, which is unique in the world art history. Academic circles generally divide their creative activities into two stages: early stage and prosperous stage.
创作A literary creation说到艺术创作，在文艺复兴时期当数达•芬奇、米开朗基罗和拉斐尔的成就最高。他们的艺术成就达到了西方造型艺术继古希腊之后的第二次高峰，仅绘画而言，则达到了欧洲的第一次高峰。其中尤以达•芬奇最为突出，恩格斯称他是巨人中的巨人。在艺术创作方面，达•芬奇解决了造型艺术三个领域--建筑、雕刻、绘画中的重大问题:When it comes to artistic creation, in the Renaissance, the achievements of Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael were the highest. Their artistic achievements have reached the second peak of Western plastic arts after ancient Greece, and in terms of painting alone, they have reached the first peak in Europe. Among them, Da Vinci is the most prominent. Engels called him the giant among giants. In terms of artistic creation, Leonardo da Vinci solved three major problems in plastic arts: architecture, sculpture and painting解决了纪念性中央圆屋顶建筑物设计和理想城市的规划问题;It solves the problems of memorial central dome building design and ideal city planning;解决了15世纪以来雕刻家深感棘手的骑马纪念碑雕像的问题;It solved the problem of the horse riding monument statue which was deeply troubled by sculptors since the 15th century;解决了当时绘画中两个重要领域--纪念性壁画和祭坛画的问题。It solved the problems of two important areas of painting at that time: Commemorative mural and altarpiece.达•芬奇的艺术作品不仅能像镜子似的反映事物，而且还以思考指导创作，从自然界中观察和选择美的部分加以表现。壁画《最后的晚餐》、祭坛画《岩间圣母》和肖像画《蒙娜丽莎》是他一生的三大杰作。这三幅作品是达•芬奇为世界艺术宝库留下的珍品中的珍品，是欧洲艺术的拱顶之石。Leonardo da Vinci's works of art can not only reflect things like a mirror, but also guide the creation by thinking, observe and choose beautiful parts from the nature to express. Mural "the last supper", altarpiece "virgin rock" and portrait "Mona Lisa" are three masterpieces of his life. These three works are among the treasures left by Leonardo da Vinci for the world art treasure house, and are the vault stone of European art.《蒙娜丽莎》的原型是威尼斯公爵夫人，当时威尼斯公爵请达•芬奇为其夫人画一幅肖像，而当这幅画作完成之后，达•芬奇因为太喜欢这幅画，不舍得交工，就连夜打包，和仆人一起逃跑了。蒙娜丽莎的右手更被称为"美术史上最美的一只手"。The prototype of Mona Lisa is the Duchess of Venice. At that time, the Duchess of Venice asked Da Vinci to draw a portrait of his wife. When the painting was finished, Da Vinci was too fond of the painting to hand over the work, so he packed overnight and ran away with his servants. Mona Lisa's right hand is called "the most beautiful hand in art history".《最后的晚餐》绘制在米兰格雷契修道院饭厅的墙壁上。达•芬奇一改前人绘制"最后晚餐"围桌而座的布局，让所有人物坐成一排面向观众，而耶稣基督坐在最中间。"The last supper" is painted on the wall of the dining hall of the gretcher monastery in Milan. Leonardo da Vinci changed the layout of his predecessors' drawing of the "Last Supper" around the table, so that all the characters sat in a row facing the audience, while Jesus Christ sat in the middle.
研究Research他的人物肖像画画的和真人最为接近。他说，"绘画是自然(这里的自然是指万物)的唯一模仿者，绘画包罗自然的一切形态在内，它能够将自然界中转瞬即逝的美生动地保存下来" 绘画能比语言文字更真实更准确地将自然万象表现给我们的知觉。His portraits are closest to real people. He said, "the first mock exam of nature is the painting, which is the only imitator of nature. It includes all forms of nature, and it can vividly preserve the fleeting beauty in nature." painting can express the natural phenomena more accurately and accurately to our perception than language.多奇妙的科学呵!你生动地保存了人们昙花一现的美，使它比那些随时光而变易，并且终于老朽的自然创造物还要经久，这样的科学和神圣的自然的关系，犹如它的作品与自然作品的关系，因此受人钟爱。天生丽质的美，将随年月的消逝而迅即磨灭，除非有画家把它画下，方可保存永久。绘画容易保存，使它经得起岁月的磨蚀。绘画保存了美，否则它将被自然和时间磨灭。我们靠绘画保存了名人的相貌。铜匠作品比绘画作品还要耐久，他们的作品比之你们或我们的作品更经得起岁月的磨蚀。但是他们缺乏想象"。What a wonderful science! You have vividly preserved people's ephemeral beauty, making it more durable than those natural creations that change with time and finally become old and decadent. Such a relationship between science and divine nature is just like that between its works and natural works, so it is loved by people. The beauty of nature will fade away with the passing of time. It can only be preserved forever if it is painted by a painter. Painting is easy to preserve, so that it can stand the wear of the years. Painting preserves beauty, otherwise it will be destroyed by nature and time. We preserved the faces of famous people by painting. The work of the coppersmith is more durable than that of the painting. Their work is more durable than yours or ours. But they lack imagination.在照相机和电视发明之前，绘画无疑是自然的唯一模仿者。知识是建立在真实之上的，绘画是传播知识的最好桥梁(这是指在没有照相机和电视机之前)。The first mock exam was the painting of nature before the invention of camera and television. Knowledge is based on reality, and painting is the best bridge to spread knowledge (this means before there is no camera or TV).画家应以现实世界(即自然)为对象来作画，这样画出的画才是真正有用的画。也就是说画家画的东西应该是真实(即现实世界真正存在的事物)的。Painters should take the real world (i.e. nature) as the object of painting, so that the painting is really useful. That is to say, what painters draw should be real (that is, the real existence of the real world).
绘画作品有两个作用:第一是传播知识;第二是让人能欣赏到美。达•芬奇是人类历史上第一个真正意识到绘画的这两项作用的人。而且达芬奇的绘画作品，完全起到了这两个作用。达•芬奇说 ，"绘画是一门科学。绘画科学的第一条原理:--绘画科学首先从点开始，其次是线，再次是面，最后是由面规定着的形体。物体的描绘，就此为止。事实上，绘画不能越出面之外，而是依靠面以表现可见物体形状的。Painting works have two functions: first, to spread knowledge; second, to let people appreciate beauty. Leonardo da Vinci is the first person in human history to realize the two functions of painting. And Leonardo da Vinci's paintings play both roles. "Painting is a science," says Leonardo da Vinci. The first principle of painting Science: - painting science starts from the point first, followed by the line, then the face, and finally the body defined by the face. The description of the object, so far. In fact, painting can not be more out of the face, but rely on the face to show the shape of visible objects.绘画的第二条原理--绘画第二条原理涉及物体的阴影，物体靠此阴影表现。我们将阐明阴影的原理，而后进一步阐明阴影如何使画面具备雕塑一样的凹凸感。The second principle of painting -- the second principle of painting involves the shadow of objects, by which objects are represented. We will expound the principle of shadow, and then further expound how shadow makes the picture have the concave and convex feeling of sculpture.绘画科学包含什么内容?绘画科学研究物象的一切色彩，研究面所规定的物体的形状以及它们的远近，包括随距离之增加而导致的物体的模糊程度。这门科学是透视学(即视线科学)之母。What is the content of painting science? Painting science studies all the colors of objects, the shapes of objects specified by the research surface and their distances, including the blurring degree of objects caused by the increase of distance. This science is the mother of perspective.透视学分为三部分。第一部分单研究物体的轮廓线。第二部分研究距离增加时色彩之淡褪。第三部分研究物体在不同距离处之模糊程度。Perspective credit is divided into three parts. In the first part, the contour of the object is studied. The second part studies the fading of color when distance increases. The third part studies the fuzzy degree of objects at different distances.单研究物体轮廓线的第一部分叫素描，也即勾勒物体外形的学问。于是由此发源了另一种专门研究光线与阴影的学问--明暗学，这是一门需要长篇阐述的科学。而视线的科学产生了天文学，天文学诠释视线和锥体截面，所以是一种简单透视。"他是欧洲文艺复兴时期，象征人类智慧的意大利画家、科学家，原名:Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci，他给后人留下了众多不朽名画，以及其它科学领域的研究成果。达•芬奇主张绘画不仅要求形似，而且更要求神似;要求画像在比例、透视等方面都正确，更要求它们的动态能表现出他们"心灵的意向"。The first part of single research object contour is called sketch, that is to say, the knowledge of drawing object contour. Therefore, another special study of light and shadow, the study of light and shade, originated. This is a science that needs to be elaborated in a long article. The science of line of sight produced astronomy, which interprets line of sight and cone section, so it is a simple perspective. "He was an Italian painter and scientist who symbolized human wisdom in the European Renaissance. His original name was Leonardo Di ser Piero Da Vinci. He left many immortal paintings and research achievements in other scientific fields for later generations. Leonardo da Vinci claims that painting requires not only resemblance in form, but also resemblance in spirit; that portraits should be correct in proportion, perspective and other aspects, and that their dynamics should show their "intention of mind".
思想thought在达•芬奇看来，人类对艺术与科学的认识过程同样"要以感性经验为基础，而且是以最高贵的感觉--视觉为基础"，"我们的一切知识来源于知觉"，"绘画的确是一门科学，并且是自然的合法的女儿"。由此可见，达•芬奇对美的认识不仅建立在朴素唯物主义认识论的基础之上，且带有先于笛卡尔"经验主义"认识论的某些性状，而这种美学思维，也使他在理性与经验中间作了准确的定位。达•芬奇认为，"科学是将领，实践是士兵"，"画家的心应当像什么--画家的心应当像一面镜子，将自己转化为对象的颜色，并如实地摄进摆在面前所有物体的形象"。这表明他对艺术创作的预备阶段持经验主义认识论的观点。但同时，达•芬奇又主张"画家与自然竞赛，并胜过自然"。这表明他已经认识到艺术理想化与典型化的问题。此外，达•芬奇也反对抛弃理性而专注经验的艺术实践，"热衷于脱离科学而专搞实践的人，正如一个水手，登上了一条没有罗盘、没有舵的船，永远拿不准船的方向。实践必须永远建筑在坚实的理论之上。"这句话正是达•芬奇对理性与经验关系的最好注脚。In Leonardo da Vinci's view, the process of human understanding of art and science is also "based on perceptual experience, and the noblest feeling - vision", "all our knowledge comes from perception", "painting is indeed a science, and is the legitimate daughter of nature". It can be seen that Leonardo da Vinci's understanding of beauty is not only based on the simple materialist epistemology, but also has some characteristics prior to Descartes's "empiricism" epistemology, and this aesthetic thinking also makes him make an accurate positioning between rationality and experience. According to Leonardo da Vinci, "science is a general, practice is a soldier" and "what should a painter's heart be like? A painter's heart should be like a mirror, transforming himself into the color of an object, and photographing the image of all the objects in front of him truthfully". This shows that he holds an empirical epistemological view on the preparatory stage of artistic creation. But at the same time, Leonardo da Vinci advocated "painters compete with nature and surpass nature". This shows that he has realized the problem of artistic idealization and typicalization. In addition, Leonardo da Vinci also opposed the artistic practice of abandoning rationality and focusing on experience. "People who are keen to practice without science are like a sailor who boarded a ship without compass or rudder and never know the direction of the ship. Practice must always be built on solid theory. "This is Leonardo da Vinci's best remark on the relationship between reason and experience.将科学与实践、理性与经验辩证地统一起来，达•芬奇为文艺复兴以降的美学理论研究提供了一种全新的科学方法和艺术实践观，这是他对于美学的贡献之一。By dialectically unifying science and practice, rationality and experience, Leonardo da Vinci provided a new scientific method and artistic practice view for the study of aesthetic theory of the Renaissance, which was one of his contributions to aesthetics.
《最后的晚餐》取材于《新约圣经》，据《新约圣经·马可福音》记载:耶稣最后一次到耶路撒冷去过逾越节，犹太教祭司长阴谋在夜间逮捕他，但苦于无人带路。正在这时，耶稣的门徒犹大向犹太教祭司长告密说:"我把他交给你们，你们愿意给我多少钱?"犹太教祭司长就给了犹大30块钱。于是，犹大跟祭司长约好:他亲吻的那个人就是耶稣。逾越节那天，耶稣跟12个门徒坐在一起，共进最后一次晚餐，他忧郁地对12个门徒说:"我实话告诉你们，你们中有一个人要出卖我了!"12个门徒闻言后，或震惊、或愤怒、或激动、或紧张。《最后的晚餐》表现的就是这一时刻的紧张场面。The last supper is based on the New Testament. According to the New Testament, mark, Jesus went to Jerusalem for the last Passover. The chief priests of Judaism conspired to arrest him at night, but no one led him. Just then Judas, the disciple of Jesus, told the chief priests of Judaism, "how much will you give me when I give him to you?" and the chief priests of Judaism gave Judas 30 yuan. So Judas made an agreement with the chief priests that the one he kissed was Jesus. On the day of Passover, Jesus sat with the 12 disciples for the last supper. He said to the 12 disciples gloomily, "I tell you the truth, one of you is going to betray me!" after hearing this, the 12 disciples were shocked, angry, excited or nervous. "The last supper" shows the tense scene of this moment.达·芬奇的《最后的晚餐》不仅标志着达·芬奇艺术成就的最高峰，也标志着文艺复兴艺术创造的成熟与伟大。这件作品达到了素描表现的正确性和对事物观察的精确性，使人能真切感受到面对现实世界的一角，在构图处理上也取得了巨大成就，人物形象的组合构成了美丽的图案，画面有着一种轻松自然的平衡与和谐。更为重要的是，他创造性地使圣餐题材的创作向历史源流的文化本义回归，从而赋予了作品以创造的活力和历史的意义。The last supper by Leonardo da Vinci not only marks the peak of his artistic achievements, but also marks the maturity and greatness of Renaissance art creation. This work achieves the accuracy of sketch performance and observation of things, so that people can really feel a corner of the real world, and also make great achievements in composition processing. The combination of characters constitutes a beautiful pattern, and the picture has a relaxed natural balance and harmony. What's more, he creatively made the creation of the Eucharist theme return to the original cultural meaning of the historical source, thus endowing the work with creativity and historical significance.
